Nursing Essay Sample Older Student

Deciding Between the Ph. D and the DNP in Nursing. Jo A. Loomis, MS, FNP- CBarbara Willard, ND, RNJayne Cohen, DNSc, RNCAbstract. Although the Ph. D has been the traditional doctoral degree in nursing, nurses now have a choice between that degree and the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree. An Internet- based exploratory survey of DNP students (n= 6. DNP program, and career plans after graduation.

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A majority reported considering the Ph. D but decided the DNP would be more appropriate for their professional and personal goals. Nursing education was ranked as an important career intention for 5.

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DNP will increase the shortage of nursing faculty. The results indicate that the DNP degree is a desirable option for clinically oriented nurses considering doctoral education and provides nurses with a choice of educational pathways for their professional careers.

Citation: Loomis, J., Willard, B., Cohen, J., (December 2. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. DOI: 1. 0. 3. 91. OJIN. Vol. 12. No.

PPT0. 2Key words: Ph. D in nursing, research doctorate, Doctor of Nursing Practice, DNP, practice doctorate in nursing, clinical nursing practice, nursing faculty shortage, advanced practice nurses, nursing education For the past several decades, doctoral education in nursing has centered on the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D) degree and the Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc) degree. More recently, a newer, terminal degree, the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), has come into the spotlight. As of this writing more than ten DNP programs are in operation at university settings around the country, and more than 1. American Association of Colleges of Nursing .

This article reports a study which sought to clarify what has motivated nurses to pursue a DNP instead of a Ph. D program. Understanding the rationale for this decision may help to clarify some of the issues and concerns currently influencing the development of the DNP degree. This article will first review the literature related to the introduction of the DNP degree. Then the survey itself along with the study findings will be reported, followed by a discussion of the findings and recommendations for future research. Review of the Literature. The practice doctorate.. The practice doctorate, also called a clinical doctorate or a professional doctorate, was created to focus on clinical practice, rather than on nursing research (AACN, 2.

Henry, 1. 99. 7; Lenz, 2. O’Sullivan, Carter, Marion, Pohl & Werner, 2. Veeser, Stegbauer & Russell, 1. However, its development has been controversial, and its possible effects on advanced practice nursing in particular, and on the profession as a whole are still widely debated as this article is written. This section will address the history of the practice doctorate in nursing, review concerns which have been expressed regarding the DNP, discuss the relationship between the DNP and the Boyer Model of Scholarship, and assess the influence the DNP may have on nursing faculty tenure decisions. History of the Practice Doctorate in Nursing.

Mc. Ewen and Bechtel (2. They called for an examination of doctoral education programs in light of this rapid growth and the increasing knowledge base that is foundational to nursing philosophy and practice. Starck, Duffy, and Vogler (1. They argued that this type of nursing faculty, scholar as well as expert clinician, would be needed to educate the clinical leaders of the future. Thus the concept of a practice doctorate is not new (AACN, 2. Lenz, 2. 00. 5; Sperhac & Clinton, 2. An earlier response to the need for clinical and scholastic excellence was the DNSc degree, also called the clinical doctorate, which was initiated by Boston University in 1.

Veeser, et al.,1. This degree originally was touted as the advanced clinical alternative to the research- oriented Ph. D degree (Robb, 2. However, the AACN and others have found little difference between the preparation of the Ph. D and the DNSc graduate, labeling them both research- oriented terminal degree programs (AACN, 2. Marion et al, Viens, O’Sullivan, Crabtree, Fontana & Price., 2. Mc. Ewen & Bechtel, 2.

Mc. Kenna, 2. 00. In 1. 97. 5 Margaret Newman (1. New York University, called for a practice doctorate to elevate the level of professional nursing, stating, . The Nursing Doctorate (ND) degree was developed to be a professional degree equal to professional degrees in other fields, such as medicine, dentistry, optometry, and veterinary medicine (O’Sullivan et al., 2. Case Western Reserve University’s Francis Payne Bolton School of Nursing has had a ND degree program since 1. ND to DNP conversion program. The University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center is phasing out their ND program as the school converts to the DNP model.

At the October, 2. American Association of Colleges of Nurses (AACN), a majority of the deans and directors of the member institutions present voted to move advanced practice nurse preparation from the master’s level to the doctoral level by 2. This new AACN policy will make the DNP the standard for APN education (AACN, 2. Educational institutions as well as nurses themselves are discussing the impact of this process and what it will mean to advanced practice nursing, to the institutions that prepare nurses for practice, and to the profession as a whole.

Concerns Expressed Regarding the DNPThe development of the DNP has not been without controversy. The development of the DNP has not been without controversy. One objection is that another degree will confuse the public, those within the profession of nursing, and other health professionals regarding the scope of practice and role of the advanced practice nurse (Gennaro, 2. Meleis & Dracup, 2. Another concern is the difference in degree title nomenclature currently existing among schools conferring the Doctor of Nursing Practice degree. Using such designations as ND, DNP, or Dr.

NP leads to title and role confusion and leaves room for misunderstanding (Dracup, Cronenwett, Meleis, & Benner, 2. A further concern is whether offering a DNP degree will decrease the number of nursing faculty in the years ahead.

It has been theorized that DNP programs may cause Ph. D enrollments to dwindle, resulting in a smaller pool of potential nursing faculty members (Fulton & Lyon, 2. Meleis & Dracup, 2. The Ph. D in nursing, as well as in education, public health, and other fields, is considered the standard preparation for tenure- track nursing faculty positions. Some fear the DNP may decrease the nursing faculty pool because DNP- prepared nurses who seek faculty positions may face academic marginalization if the Ph. D is the only accepted doctoral requirement for eligibility for tenure. Meleis and Dracup ( 2.

DNP instead of the Ph. D from a presence at the academic table. With the current critical nursing faculty shortages, especially of doctorally prepared faculty candidates (Anderson, 2. Ph. D and those with the DNP might reduce the number of candidates eligible for nursing faculty.

This could eventually threaten the future of the nursing profession as schools struggle to find faculty to handle the demand for educating nurses at the baccalaureate and master’s levels. But proponents of the DNP have a different perspective. Starck, Dean of the University of Texas (UT) School of Nursing, as of this writing, the newest DNP program, stated on the UT website, . UT plans to give priority admission to current faculty who are advanced practice nurses. Starck strengthened her position by stating, .

Our Medical School several years ago revised its criteria to provide two pathways to tenure- -the Educator/ Scientist and the Educator/Clinician. Starck, personal communication, August 2. Additionally Sterling and Mc. Nally (1. 99. 9), Sperhac and Clinton (2. Lenz (2. 00. 5) found that a doctoral degree enhances the status and image of the nurse practitioner, as well as increasing credibility and respect within the health care community. Status and parity with other health professionals may be a beginning to foster equality at the academic level.

Relationship Between the Boyer Model and the DNPFor more than a decade, the academy has been considering a model for scholarship presented by Boyer (1. An Essay On Laughter. Traditionally, scholarship has been defined according to what Boyer called the . Society is served through this scholarship of practice as community needs for expert nursing care are met by nurses who directly give, evaluate, and constantly improve evidence- based nursing care. DNP proponents maintain that nursing scholarship is being advanced and enhanced through DNP programs, in keeping with Boyer’s Model of scholarship, as expert clinicians both teach and practice in the community (AACN, 2.

Cartwright & Reed, 2. More recent work by Boyer (1. This will occur as theory and research findings are applied in practice settings, tested there, revised, and expanded. Research and practice both benefit from clinically expert nurses practicing and teaching at the doctoral level, and scholarship in both arenas is enhanced. Tenure Decisions and the DNP Ever expanding clinical practice opportunities will enable nurse educators both to teach and to keep abreast of advances in nursing practice. The growing interest in a broader definition of scholarship has resulted in questioning the traditional function of the professoriate (Boyer, 1.

Cartwright & Reed, 2. Fitzpatrick (2. 00. Ever expanding clinical practice opportunities will enable nurse educators both to teach and to keep abreast of advances in nursing practice. In discussing their research regarding student perceptions of nursing doctorates Hudacek and Carpenter (1.

Tenure guidelines may change to accommodate the broadening scope of scholastic excellence, thus including clinically focused doctoral graduates in addition to Ph. D- prepared nurse researchers. Often the attraction to the Ph.

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